View All. So the figures in any recoil table should be taken as approximate. All rights reserved. R= Recoil. Case in point, a 45 ACP’s 230 grain bullet has an approximate muzzle velocity of 830 fps. $E = {\frac 1 2} m v^2 = \frac{p^2}{2m}$ where: 1. Fifteen foot pounds is probably about the maximum recoil energy most shooters feel reasonably comfortable with, particularly at the shooting range, where most serious marksmanship practice occurs. Recoil Energy Calculator. In technical terms, the recoil is a result of conservation of momentum, as according to Newton's third law the force required to accelerate something will evoke an equal but opposite reactional force, which means the forward momentum gained by the … In addition to gun weight, it is influenced by many factors. Then there is recoil velocity. Then, Recoil= (10*14.86)/ (2*32.174) So, Recoil= 34.32 ft pounds. Gas-operated semi-automatic actions reduce apparent recoil by spreading it over a longer period of time. Due to the recoil velocity the shooter experiences a backward jerk. Recoil is used to load bullets in machine guns. (i.e. This shows that despite the high velocity of the bullet, the small bullet-mass to shooter-mass ratio results in a low recoil velocity (V) although the force and momentum are equal. The 1929 edition of the same textbook stated, in addition, that recoil velocity should not exceed 15 fps; above that velocity a gun-headache was very likely to occur. From Newton's second law, the energy of a moving body due to its motion can be stated mathematically from the translational kinetic energyas: 1. Guns with similar recoil, but shooting heavier bullets will recoil slower. Ans. It's based on the mass and speed of the ejected body and the mass of the recoiling body. Recoil velocity of gun is much smaller than the velocity of bullet. 1 we can write for the velocity of the gun/shooter: V = mv/M. The formula for the recoil of a gun is: VG = (VB • Bt)/Gn Copyright 2002, 2016 by Chuck Hawks. This means that the momentum of a rifle's reaction will exactly equal the momentum of the bullet and powder gasses ejected from the barrel. The higher the recoil velocity, the greater the discomfort. A good recoil pad can help soften the blow to the shooter's shoulder. However, perceived recoil, what the shooter feels, is a highly subjective matter. This should tell you something.) 9.8k VIEWS. The actual recoil is the same. The recoil velocity of a gun is a simple application of the conservation of momentum where the moment of the bullet going away is equal to the momentum of the gun recoil. Law of Conservation of Momentum Newton's Third Law states that every applied force has an equal and opposite reaction. • Required an excessively high propellant to projectile mass ratio of five at that muzzle velocity to eliminate recoil in that study. A recoil velocity of over 10 fps is about the point at which shooting starts to get uncomfortable. The recoil velocity is the result of conservation of linear momentum of the system. One of the most important of these, in addition to gun weight, is the fit and shape of the grip and the shooter's personal hold. Never-the-less, the table below should give a reasonably accurate comparison of the recoil of most popular handgun cartridges and loads when fired in pistols of typical weight. The recoil energy and recoil velocity figures are taken from various sources including the recoil nomograph in the Handloader's Digest 8th Edition, various online recoil calculators, the Remington Shoot! "You can solve using the principle of conservation of momentum." If the weight of the weapon is reduced to 1 lb, then the recoil velocity is 20.0 ft/s and the recoil energy is 6.3 ft/lb. These sorts of things cannot be accounted for in a recoil table. Just assume, VG= 14.86 fps. Use this calculator to calculate the recoil on you rifles, handgun, and other firearms. (The standard British .303 Lee-Enfield infantry rifle was below that figure, as are most service rifles to this day. But since the gun's mass is more, it attains a lesse velocity. Above this level recoil becomes increasingly intrusive. Choose a rifle weight appropriate for the loads you intend to shoot. But most shooters find the 35 Whelen more comfortable since the recoil is spread over a longer period of time. In simple terms, the recoil velocity is the factor which makes a gun unpleasant to shoot. Copyright 1999, 2018 by Chuck Hawks. • A 2001 study by Schmidt of ARL in comparing railguns and propellant guns estimated recoil elimination near Mach 7 (2,400 m/s) [9]. the gun 'jumps' backwards and a … Like muzzle rise, that adds time between accurate shots. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; that is one of the physical laws of our universe. Join the 2 Crores+ Student community now! The longer you shoot, and the harder the rifle kicks, the more likely you are to flinch. To keep reading this solution for FREE, Download our App. It can be measured or computed empirically and has been for this recoil table. Momentum short form: Recoil energy = 0.5 x {[ (bullet mass x bullet velocity) + (powder charge mass x powder charge velocity) / 1000] 2} / Gun mass. What is the formula of recoil velocity of a gun????? One of the most important of these is the fit and shape of the rifle stock. For good deals on cheap handgun ammo go to. Let m and M be the masses of bullet and gun,respectively. Reducing Recoil. Choose a gun weight appropriate for the loads you intend to shoot. The 1929 edition of the same textbook stated, in addition, that recoil velocity should … Gun Weight Matters. Therefore, the figures in any recoil table should be taken as approximate. Recoil velocity is the backward velocity experienced by a shooter when one shoots a bullet. of free recoil energy was the maximum allowable for a military service rifle. 1 1/8th ounce at 1145 fps) and the weight of your gun … Since mass of the gun is very large as compared to the mass of the bullet,the velocity of the recoil is very small as compared to the velocity of the bullet Example -1 Calculate the recoil velocity of gun whose mass is 5 kg and it shoot the bullet of mass .015 kg with velocity 500 m/s For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; that is one of the physical laws of our universe. "The recoil velocity of the gun is "v_r=-2.67" "m/s "given :" m_g: " mass of gun ,"m_g=1500" "kg v_g :" velocity of gun before the shell is fired ,"v_g=0 m_s: " mass of shell , "m_s=10" "kg v_s: "velocity of shell ,"v_s=400" "m/s v_r: "the recoil velocity of the gun , "v_r=? 2 See answers Kuldeepnehra Kuldeepnehra After firing the bullet, the bullet moves forward with a large momentum and the gun moves backward with equal momentum. Let’s say you’re a 12-gauge shooter toting a typical sporting clays or waterfowl type shotgun weighing in at close to eight pounds. RW= Rifle weight. Recoil energy determines how hard the blow to the hand feels and recoil velocity determines how abrupt the blow feels. Fast, sharp recoil is startling and unpleasant for most people. VG= Velocity of the gun. You can see this whenever someone shoots a gun; they require to ground themselves to hedge alongside the recoil. When a bullet is fired from a gun,the gun moves back,opposite to the direction of motion of the bullet.This backward motion of the gun is called recoil and the velocity with it moves back is called recoil velocity.Before firing the bullet,both the bullet and the gun are at rest.Hence,the total momentum is zero.After firing the bullet,the bullet moves forward with a large momentum and the gun … Increase the gun weight by, say, 25% and the recoil goes down by 25%. Do not forget that rifle weight is a crucial factor in the recoil equation, inversely proportional to recoil. If you’ve survived that brief math diversion, you might have noticed that the firearm weight is a direct input to both recoil velocity and recoil energy, so it’s a big deal when considering what the shooter will feel. The following recoil figures are taken from various sources including online recoil calculators, the Remington Shoot! My subjective impression is that, with a well designed stock, recoil velocity above about 10 fps begins to feel like a sharp rap on the shoulder rather than an abrupt push. View Solution in App. If you’re shooting a 1⅛-ounce lead load with an instrumental velocity of 1145 feet per second, that load in your eight-pound gun is generating about 19.86 foot/pounds of free recoil; let’s call it 20 ft./lbs. The backward movement of the gun is called the recoil of the gun. Disturbed by images coming from Afghanistan of Soviet military forces wearing body armor and advanced helmets, the military alliance wanted a cartridge that offered a little more oomph than the standard 9×19 Parabellum, then common in Western European sub guns such a… 9.8k SHARES. Increase the gun weight by, say, 25% and the recoil goes down by 25%. Velocity (sharpness) is how fast and hard the recoil feels. Velocity. Why? program or calculated from the formula given in the Lyman Reloading Handbook, 43rd Edition. The bullet pushes back the gun with the same velocity. The same exact pistol firing a 275 gr bullet with 40 gr of powder will give us 1804 fps of muzzle velocity with a recoil energy of "just" 28 ft-lbs. A plane flying horizontally at a height of 1 5 0 0 m with a velocity of 2 0 0 m s − 2 passes directly overhead an antiaircraft gun. Kinetic energy For this reason the gun must have a recoil velocity after the bullet is fired (i.e. $E\,$is the translational kinetic energy 2. Also, please understand that there are dozens of loads for any given bullet weight in any cartridge that will produce the same velocity, but a different amount of recoil. After you input the necessary data such as the bullet weight, bullet velocity, powder charge weight, and the firearm weight it will output the recoil impulse, recoil velocity, and the recoil energy of the firearm. Never-the-less, the table below should give a reasonably accurate comparison of the recoil of most popular rifle cartridges. In the shooting sports we call that reaction recoil or "kick." These are good things to remember when comparing rifle cartridges. Then, plug the now known Gun velocity of 2.61 meters per second into the translational kinetic energy formula: 15.43 J = 0.5 x 4.54 x 2.61 2. It is influenced by many factors. … Violate this principle by, for example, chambering a lightweight, short action rifle for a powerful Magnum cartridge like the .300 WSM and the result will be a dramatic increase in kick. It can also result in the muzzle dipping after each shot. The gun must therefore have the same magnitude of momentum but in the opposite direction so that they cancel each other out leaving the total momentum still equal to zero. This program calculates the recoil energy when you shoot a shotgun. A dramatic increase in kick results (and accuracy suffers equally dramatically) when powerful cartridges and loads intended for full size service pistols are chambered in lightweight, subcompact pistols. In the table below rifle weight is given in pounds, free recoil energy is given in foot pounds, and free recoil velocity is given in feet-per-second. You need to know the load weight in ounces, the muzzle velocity. A consideration of energy leads to a different equation. You typically see a cartridge’s muzzle velocity expressed in units of feet per second (fps). This means that the momentum of a handgun's reaction will exactly equal the momentum of the bullet and powder gasses ejected from the barrel. "you should calculate the total … $… But more importantly, recoil is a shock of sorts - you're balancing against a sudden force that last a … Recoil energy determines how hard the blow to the hand feels and recoil velocity … But that's not the only important thing by far. These can be measured or computed empirically and have been for this recoil table. The bullet is fired with a velocity v and the recoil velocity of the gun is V. Example, same as above: As I said, it is simple arithmetic and the formula for recoil energy is simply E=1/2 MV Squared, with “M” being mass of the gun and “V” being the recoil velocity. Advantages Simple. All recoil values have been rounded off to one decimal place. The recoil velocity of guns or cannons can be calculated in a straight forward manner from the conservation of momentum principle. The development of the 5.7x28mm is a tale of the cart coming before the horse. Do not forget that gun weight is a crucial factor in the recoil equation, inversely proportional to recoil. This is the rate at which the bullet is moving the instant it exits the barrel of a handgun. In the real world, firearms chambered for less powerful cartridges are typically built lighter than firearms chambered for more powerful cartridges. Mass of gun, = 4 kg, Initial velocity of the gun,, Mass of bullet, = 50 gm = 0.05 kg, Initial velocity of the bullet,, Final velocity of the gun (recoil velocity of gun),, Final velocity of bullet, = –0.4375≈– 0.44 If it's too much, it becomes hard to practice or train with the pistol. Let me put another demo to make you clearer once again. In 1909, the British Textbook of Small Arms stated that 15 ft. lbs. From Eq.$\begingroup\$ @Dargscisyhp Momentum, yes. program or calculated from the formula given in the Lyman Reloading Handbook, 43rd Edition. Also, please understand that there are dozens of possible loads for any given bullet weight in a given caliber that will produce the same velocity, but a different amount of recoil. For example, the kinetic energy is proportional to velocity squared - so the same amount of momentum applied to a heavier object will result in less kinetic energy than with a lighter object. All rights reserved. However, perceived recoil, what the shooter feels, is a highly subjective matter. Related Video. In addition, the effects of recoil are cumulative. It is worth remembering that the majority of authorities agree that recoil of over twenty foot pounds will cause most shooters to develop a serous flinch, which is ruinous to bullet placement (the prime component of killing power). While recoil energy determines how hard the blow to the shoulder feels, recoil velocity determines how abrupt the blow to the shoulder feels. Note: For an expanded version of this table with more entries, see the Expanded Handgun Recoil Table. In the shooting sports we call that reaction recoil or "kick." A good example is 35 Whelen with 225 gr bullets vs a 300 WM with 180 gr bullets. Fig: Backward Velocity of the gun and Forward Velocity of gun … Note:For an expanded version of this table showing more calibers and many more loads, including British, European, wildcat, obsolescent American and proprietary calibers, see the Expanded Rifle Recoil Table. In the early 1980s, NATO put out a call to its ammo friends. Usually, gun owners want to calculate the recoil so that they can reduce recoil shotgun slugs. Then the angle with the horizontal at which the gun should be fired for the shell with a muzzle velocity of 4 0 0 m s − 1 to hit the plane is: Recoil velocity is a product of gun weight, projectile weight, and muzzle velocity, and it’s measured in feet per second.